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Езика / Language / Langue / Sprache / Limba

Termeni si definitii in tir cu arcul

In tirul cu arcul, termenii si definitiile provin din limba engleza. Acest aspect este cauzat nu neaparat de faptul ca britanicii au o traditie indelungata , cat mai ales de faptul ca ei au standardizat aceasta activitate.

 

Anchor Point = Punct de ancora - locul definit pe corpul arcasului (de obicei pe fata), pe care se aseaza coarda si degetul aratator atunci cand se efectueaza intinderea. Acest punct trebuie sa ramana acelasi la fiecare sageata trasa.

AMO - The Archery Manufacturers and Merchants Organization = Organizatia Producatorilor si Comerciantilor  de echipamente de tir cu arcul (acum este cunoscuta drept ATA=Archery Trade Association)

AMO length  - sistem standardizat utilizat pentru a masura lungimea corzilor.

Archer's paradox = Paradoxul arcasului - efectul produs la plecarea sagetii din care, prin care aceasta se curbeaza.

Arm guard - Banda sau bucata de piele, plastic sau material textil, utilizate pentru a proteja antebratul arcasului.

Arrow - Sageata.

Arrow shaft - Tubul din care este formata sageata (la cele construite din aluminiu sau fibra de carbon sau fibra de sticla) ori batul din lemn care reprezinta forma primara a sagetii, de pe care lipsesc penele, varful si nock-ul.

Arrow shelf - In tirul cu arcul traditional, denumeste un decupaj pe arc sau partea de sus a mainii arcasului, pe care se sprijina sageata.

Arrow straightener - Instrument de indreptat sagetile sau shaft-urile.

Arrowhead - Partea frontala a sagetii, numita varf. Se mai folosesc termenii urmatori: head, point sau tip.

Arrow rest = Suport de sageata - Obiect utilizat pentru sustinerea sagetii pe arc, pana cand se efectueaza tragerea.

Arrow Plate - Bucata de peiele sau blana plasata in fereastra arcului, deasupra suportului de sageata, menita sa prefia din frecarea penelor sau a shaft-ului cu arcul.

ATA (organization) - The Archery Trade Association (formerly known as the AMO).

A.T.A. (measurement) - An acronym for "Axle-To-Axle", the length between the two pivotal axles which hold the cams or wheels onto the limbs on a compound bow.

 

Back - The side of the bow that faces away from the bowstring.

Barebow - Shooting without a bow sight, stabilizers and release aid.

Bare shaft - A arrow shaft without fletching, used to tune a bow.

Back - The bow surface facing away from the archer when the bow is being drawn.

Backing -- Material placed on the back of bow to help reinforce the limbs, such as fiberglass, hickory, rawhide, baleen, sinew, or a variety of other materials.

Backset - A longbow design where unbraced limbs angle backward, away from the shooter, in a reflexed position. This design preloads the limbs of the bow when braced.

Belly - The side of the bow that faces the bow string; Today it is called the 'face'.

Barred Fletching - Feathers with a striped appearance as naturally found on the wild turkey or dark domesticated bird (as opposed to white turkeys). Artificial barred feathers are less expensive and quite common.

Blunt - An arrowhead with a flattened point, used for small game hunting or roving.

Bracer - Usually used to describe the leather arm guard used in traditional archery.

Broadhead - A sharp-bladed hunting head.

Bodkin - A conical arrow point having three or four sides. At one time used to penetrate chain mail armor.

Bow Tip - The outer end of a bow limb, often reinforced with either bone, micarta, wood or horn.

Bow Weight - The drawing force, measured in pounds, required to draw a bowstring a specified braced distance, commonly 28 inches.

Broadhead - An arrow point with cutting edges (blades) used for bowhunting.

Boss - A target, usually made from tightly compacted foam or straw.

Bow arm - The arm that holds the bow.

Bow hand - The hand that holds the bow.

Bow Length - The length of a bow, commonly measured from nock to nock, along the back of the bow.

Bow Nock - The tip of the bow limb that is grooved to accept the bowstring. Can also be made of horn or other material.

Bowstring - The string used to draw a bow.

Bow Stringer - A device using leather cups on each end for stringing and unstringing traditional bows.

Bowfishing - The use of archery equipment for catching fish.

Bowhunting - The practice of taking game using archery.

Bow sight - A mechanical device attached to the bow that an archer uses to aim at the target.

Bow sling - A leather or nylon strap, fastened to either the bow or the archer's hand, used to prevent the bow from falling to the ground when the archer shoots without gripping the bow.

Bow string - A multi stranded string of either Dacron, Kevlar or Fastflight looped to the bow nocks or teardrops.

Bow stringer - Cord with two leather pockets that are different sizes used to string a recurve bow.

Bow stave - A piece of wood used to make a bow.

Bow square - T-Shaped device used to measure brace height, nocking point location and tiller.

Brace height - The measured perpendicular distance from the braced bowstring to the low point of the belly of the grip. This measurement can be adjusted by twisting or untwisting the bowstring during the tuning of a bow.

 

Cables - The plastic covered steel cables or fastflight string material that connect the string via the cams or wheels to the opposite limb of a compound bow.

Cam - The pulley on the end of compound bow's limb used to provide let-off and power. They are elliptical shaped.

Cant - To hold the bow to the right or left while at full draw. Right or left cant is determined by the position of the top limb.

Carbon fiber - Used in modern archery for the production of arrows and in some cases bow limbs.

Cast - The distance a bow can project an arrow.

Center serving - The protective winding on the center of the string where the arrows are nocked.

Centershot bow - A bow with the riser cut out past the bow's center line.

Clicker - A device used to indicate an archer is at their optimum draw length.

Clout shoot - An archery game where arrows are shot at an arc toward a 15 meter diameter target laid out flat on the ground at distances of up to 180 meters.

Cock feather - A differently-colored fletch that indicates proper arrow alignment; also referred to as an Index feather.

Composite bow - A bow made from laminating multiple layers of varying materials together.

Compound bow - A modern bow that uses a system of cables and pulleys to gain leverage and reduce holding draw weight.

Cordovan - Leather that comes from the rear end of a horse that has a smooth texture. Used on shooting gloves and tabs to allow a smooth release of the bowstring.

Cross Dominance - An adverse affect to shooting a bow, this is a condition where the dominant eye is reversed from the dominant side of the body. Such a condition would be where a right handed archer has a left dominant eye. The best solution is to change to a left handed shooting form.

Crest - Markings on an arrow used for identification or design.

 

Dacron - A synthetic material used to make bowstrings.

Daikyu - A Japanese longbow.

Dead release - A release where the drawing hand remains at the anchor point after releasing the bow string; No follow through of the drawing hand.

Decurve bow - A bow where the unstrung tips curve toward the archer.

Deflex bow - A form of bow in which the entire length of the handle and arms curve toward the archer.

Die cut feather - A feather that has been cut to a particular shape using a cutting dye.

Director of Shooting - The official in charge of an archery tournament.

Draw check - A device fitted to a compound bow so the archer can maintain a consistent draw length.

Dacron - The trademark name for a synthetic polyester textile fiber used for making bowstrings.

Deflex - A bow design where the limbs angle towards the belly of the bow.

Deflex-Reflex - A bow design where the limbs deflex off the riser back toward the archer, and then reflex back toward the limb tips. A very stable and efficient design, and one of the most common today.

Delamination - The separation of limbs in a laminated bow due to either high heat, moisture, or a failed glue joint.

Dished Grip - A concave bow grip designed for repeatable hand placement on the bow.

Dominant Eye - Everybody has a dominant hand, arm and eye. In archery, a right handed archer should have a right dominant eye if he or she is ever going to be consistent in shooting a traditional bow.

Draw weight - The number of pounds of force required to draw a recurve or traditional bow twenty-eight  inches (28"); The maximum number or pounds of force required, often adjustable, to draw a modern compound bow before it lets-off.

Drawing - The act of pulling an arrow and bow string in preparation of shooting.

Drawing hand - The hand that draws the bow string back to the anchor point.

Draw length - The distance, measured in inches, from the pivot point of the bow to the slot in the arrow nock when at full draw.

Dry Fire -- The releasing of a bowstring when at full draw without an arrow attached. This event may cause the bow to break or splinter in the limbs. A faux pas to be avoided.

 

 

End - A round of arrows shot during an archery event, usually 3 to 6 arrows.

English longbow - A powerful medieval bow; also known as the Welsh longbow.

Endless String -- A common string that is made from one endless piece of material and is served around the nock loops.

 

 

Face - The side of the bow that faces the bow string. Historically it was called the belly.

FastFlight - A synthetic material used to make bowstrings.Breaking strain = 95 lbs./strand. Minimal stretch ensures consistency. It is a slippery material that requires specific serving to be used in conjunction with it.

FastFlight S4 - A composite of Polyester 'Spectra' (FastFlight) and 'Vectran' materials used to make bowstrings.Breaking strain = 160 lbs./strand. Due to its strength, less strands are required to make a bowstring, so its lighter and faster.

Feet Per Second (fps) -- The measurement of the velocity of an arrow shot from a bow.

Field archery - Shooting at targets of unmarked distances in an open field.

Field captain - The official in charge of an archery tournament.

Field tip - A practice head for targets or small game hunting.

Finger Tab - A small leather patch to protect the archer's fingers. Also called a Tab.

Fishtailing - The wobbling left and right of an arrow during its flight.

Fistmele - This term comes from a medieval word meaning "fist measure," and was used as a method of measuring brace height. Fistmele is the breadth of the fist with the thumb stuck out, used to set the distance from the bow handle to the bowstring.

Flatbow - A straight-limbed bow designed after the Plains Indian bows having a relatively flat, wide limb.

Flemish string - A twisted string that consists of two separate bundles of string, normally two different colors, hand twisted together.

Fletch - A term for the process of gluing or tying feathers to an arrow shaft.

Fletcher - A person who actually makes arrows, as opposed to an arrowsmith, the person who makes metal arrowheads and points.

Fletching - The stabilizing fins or vanes of an arrow,each individual fin is called a fletch.

Fletching jig - A device used to hold the arrow shaft in place and correctly locate and align the application of the fletching.

Fletching clamp - The part of a fletching jig that clamps the fletch as it is being attached or glued to the arrow shaft.

Fletch-tite - A clear glue used to apply fletching and nocks to the arrow shaft. It sets quickly and remains slightly elastic (not brittle) to resist repeated shock and vibration.

Flex - The amount of "bend" an arrow shaft provides; contrasted with Spine.

Flight shooting- A form of archery designed around attaining the longest distance able to be shot with a bow.

Flinching - Moving the bow arm and/or drawing hand just before the release.

Flipper rest - An elevated rest attached to the riser of the bow. It flips out of the way of the fletching when the arrow moves forward after being released.

Flu-Flu - Fletching that causes enough drag to slow an arrow down on purpose so that it will not fly as far as usual. Feathers may be completely spiraled around the shaft, or very large feathers can be used to create drag, usually used for small game and aerial shooting.

Follow through - Movement, or lack of movement, of the drawing hand/arm and bow arm after the release.

Footed arrow - An arrow with a shaft made of two types of wood.

Free style - A method of shooting using a bow-sight to aid the archer in aiming.

Freeze - Inability to move the sight to the desired position while at full draw, or inability to release.

Full draw - The position of the archer when the bow string has been drawn and the drawing hand is at the anchor point.

 

Glove - Protective gear for an archer's fingers, often referred to as a shooting glove.

Grain - A small unit of weight commonly associated with arrows and broadheads equaling 0.002285 ounce. There are 480 grains to the ounce.

Grip - To hold the bow, used in reference to holding the bow, too tightly; The handle of the bow held by the archer.

Ground quiver - A device, generally metal, pushed into the ground to hold arrows and/or bow.

Group - The pattern of arrows in the target.

Gungdo - The Korean art of archery.

 

Handle - The riser or middle section of a bow to which the limbs are attached. The nonworking section of a bow.

Hankyu - A short Japanese bow.

Hen feather - One of two like-colored vanes on an arrow, they are not the index feather.

Horse archer - An archer mounted on a horse.

Handshock - The vibration felt in the bow hand at release when a bow is shot.

Helical Twist - A method of applying the fletching in slight spiraling around the arrow shaft. Helical fletching allows the arrow to spiral in flight, stabilizing the flight much sooner than a straight fletch. Very effective in hunting conditions where high wind or crosswind can occur.

 

Index fletch - A differently-colored fletch used for proper arrow alignment. Commonly referred to as a Cock fletch or Cock feather.

Insert - An arrow part that accepts the screw in point or the nock.

IBO - International Bowhunting Organization. Former name of the ATA (The Archery Trade Association).

Instinctive Shooting - The most popular method of shooting traditional bows. Instinctive shooting is the ability to use hand/eye coordination to send an arrow where the archer is looking.

 

 

Judo points - A target and small-game head equipped with spring wires for easy location.

 

Kevlar - As an archery term is a synthetic material used to make bowstrings. Very strong and light material, but has no stretch, which causes more shock to the limb tips. Some bows cannot use Kevlar bowstrings.Limited life-span of this material when used for bowstrings as it will break due to repeated bending.

Kisser - A button used to aid in locating your anchor point,giving the archer a consistent vertical distance when drawing a bow. Almost always used with the lips, and also called a kisser button.

Kyudo - The Japanese art of archery.

Kyudo arrows - Traditional arrows used in Kyudo Archery.These arrows are over 1 meter, 40" inches, in length and fletched with traditional feathers.

Kyudo Bow - A Japanese longbow, approx. 2 meters, 79" inches, in length. The "grip" is about one third the distance from the bottom tip of the bow. The bowstring is drawn using a shooting glove fitted with a thumb groove for the string to sit in. The drawing hand is pulled back until over the rear shoulder and the bowstring is released by relaxing the thumb, allowing the bowstring to slip out of the groove.

 

Laminated bow - A bow made of several layers of different material glued together, usually two layers of fiberglass with a hardwood core.

Launcher rest - A style of arrow rest used on compound bows. Can be a one-piece flat metal prong with a "v" groove for the arrow to rest in or can be two round metal prongs set apart to accommodate the size of the arrow.

Left-handed archer - An archer who holds the bow in the right hand and draws with the left hand to bring the arrow back to the left dominant eye.

Left-handed bow - A bow with the sight window cut out on the right hand side when viewed from the string side, face, of the bow.

Let-off - The reduction in draw weight of a compound bow, when pulled to full draw.

Level - A small level, usually located in the bow sights, to indicate when the bow is being held vertical.

Limbs - The energy storing, bending or flexing, parts of the bow above and below the riser.

Limb Dampeners - A "mushroom" shaped rubber form attached to the limbs of a bow to reduce the vibrations in the limbs after the release.

Limb Pocket - A recessed slot in the top and bottom of the riser, shaped to fit the ends of the bow limbs and maintain correct limb alignment.

Limb Twist - A failure in the bow limb where the bow tip turns away from aligning with the bowstring.

Longbow - A tall bow without a significant recurve. Generally, any straight or nearly straight bow of five feet or longer where the bowstring does not touch the limb when braced

Loop - The woven or served looped ends of the bowstring that fit in the bow nocks or teardrops when the bow is strung.

 

Mass weight - The actual weight of the bow.

Mechanical broadhead - A broadhead with two or more blades,that open on impact, usually used for hunting.

Mechanical Release - An aid used to grip the string and then release it. Often called a Release aid or simply Release.

Mounted archer - An archer mounted on a horse

Mongolian draw - Drawing a bow with one's thumb. Also called a Mongolian release.

 

Nock - The notch in the arrow behind the fletching that receives the bowstring. Can be either a self-nock, which is a notch in the arrow shaft itself, or a plastic string-holding device that can be open-throated, which does not pinch the string, or snap-on, which does pinch the string.

Nocking pliers - Special pliers used to install or remove brass string nock sets.

Nocking point - The point on a bow string where the arrow is nocked.

Nock-Set - A thread or plastic or metal crimp used on a bowstring to facilitate nocking the arrow to the same place every time.

 

 

Overdrawn - As an archery term is a condition in which a bow string is too short for the bow; fistmele is exceeded.

Overspine - Said of an arrow that is too stiff for the bow it's fired from, as opposed to underspine, where the arrow is too weak for the bow.

 

 

Parabolic fletch- A feather or vane that has a rounded shape to the back, nock, end.

Peak Weight- The maximum draw weight of a compound bow. Adjustable on modern compound bows.

Peep sight- Also known as string peep. An aperture in a small round piece of plastic or metal which is set between the strands of the string above the nocking point to sight through in line with the bow sight for aiming a compound bow.

Pivot point- Normally the physical center of the bow.

Point- The front end of an arrow; also known as the arrowhead, head or tip. .

Point of Aim - A sighting method where the archer uses the tip of the arrow by placing it on a certain object to attain accuracy when shooting.

Porpoising - The undesirable up and down motion of an arrow in flight.

Pluck- Pulling the string away from the face in any other direction upon release, an incorrect follow-through. "plucking the string".

Plunger button- A device used to correct an arrow's flex at the point of release.

Push-Pull Stringing -- The act of stringing the bow by placing the lower limb against the instep of the shoe, pulling inward on the handle section (toward the archer) and then pushing the top string loop into place on the nock groove of the upper limb. This is not a recommended procedure to brace a bow as it may cause twisted limbs.

 

Quiver - A container that holds arrows conveniently while hunting and/or shooting. There are several types for different uses and preferences: backquiver, bow quiver, hip quiver, pocket quiver, shoulder quiver and solo quiver are the most common.

 

 

Recurve bow - A form of bow in which the unstrung tips curve away from the archer.

Reflex bow - A form of bow in which the entire length of the handle and limbs curve away from the archer.

Release - The act of firing an arrow from a bow; Letting go of the string. Sometimes called Loose.

Release aid - A mechanical device for releasing an arrow.

Recurve - A design of bow where the limbs form a constant curving arc from the riser to the limb tips, and the string, when the bow is braced, touches the belly of the limbs.

Reed - The grain of a wooden arrow that the spine is measured against, as opposed to the rift side of the wood.

Reflex - A bow design where the bow limbs, when unstrung, curve slightly toward the back of the bow, away from the archer.

Release - The act of releasing the bowstring at full draw, propelling the arrow away from the bow and the archer. See Loose.

Reverse Handle - A handle design in which the bow handle sets flush with the bow belly, and extends out over the back of the bow. Reduces brace height for a given bow.

Rest - A device used to hold the arrow against the handle until it is released; An Arrow rest.

Riser -- The nonworking middle section of a bow that separates the limbs.

Roving -- A form of practice whereby the archer chooses a target in the field or forest. The archers picks out small targets, such as dirt mounds, rotten stumps or leaves at unknown yardages, shoots one arrow, and repeats the practice on a new target. This is one of the most effective methods of learning to shoot a traditional bow.

Right-handed archer - An archer who holds the bow in the left hand and draws with the right hand to bring the arrow to the right dominant eye.

Right-handed bow - A bow with the sight window cut out on the left hand side when viewed from the string side, face, of the bow.

Riser - The handle section of a Bow.

 

 

Scope sight - A bow sight with a magnifying lens.

Self Arrow -- An arrow consisting of one piece of wood with the nock cut into the shaft.

Serving -- The thread, or monofilament, wrapped area in the midsection of the string that accepts the nock set. Used to protect the actual bowstring from continuous use when the arrow is nocked.

Self bow - A bow made from a single piece of material, normally wood, and homemade.

Serving - Extra thread wound around a bow string in order to support the main fiber. Usually in the center of the string, where it will be gripped, and also at the loop ends.

Serving jig - A device that holds the serving thread and maintains consistent tension as the thread is wrapped around the bowstring.

Shaft - The main structural element of an arrow. Can be made of wood, aluminum, carbon or a combination.

Shelf -- The ledge, usually radiused, at the base of the sight window where the arrow rests. Also called the arrow shelf, it is that part of the riser on a bow that forms a platform for the arrow rest.

Shooting glove - Protective gear for an archer's fingers.

Shooting line - A line parallel to and a specific distance away from the targets from which all archers shoot.

Sight block - The movable part of the sight which holds the sight pin, aperture or scope.

Sight Window - The cut out portion of a recurve or longbow riser that allows the arrow to come closer to the centerline of the bow. Aids in reducing the effects of the archer's paradox.

Silencer - Strands of material, either of rubber, plastic, yarn or natural material, attached to the string to help stop it from vibrating after the shot, thus eliminating string noise.

Sling - Strap fastened to either the bow or the archer's wrist or index finger and thumb, to prevent the bow from falling when shooting with a relaxed bow hand.

Snap shooting - Releasing the arrow without pausing to aim carefully. Common for Instinctive shooting.

Spine - The stiffness of an arrow shaft; contrasted with Flex. Must be matched to the archers set-up.

Spine Tester - A device used for measuring the spine of arrow shafts.

Stabilizer - A weighted rod or set of rods used to provide balance to a bow.

Stacking - A characteristic of bow performance where the force/draw curve rises more rapidly over the final part of the draw.

Stance - The position of the feet and body when addressing the target.

Stave - A strip of wood that a bow may be made from.

Straight Fletch - The placing of feathers parallel to the shaft with no helical twist.

String - A cord used to shoot a bow; To put the bow string on a bow in the proper position for shooting.

String jig - An adjustable frame used to make bowstrings.

Stringer - A device used to aid in the stringing of a bow.

String alignment - The placement of the string when at full draw in relation to the bow sight or the bow.

String angle - The angle formed by the string at the nocking point when at full draw. also called pinch angle.

String Groove - A shallow groove in the belly of a recurve limb where the bowstring lays.

Swage - The tapered shaping of an aluminum arrow tip to accept any number of glue-on points or broadheads

 

Tab - A flat leather piece worn on the string hand to protect the three drawing fingers from the release of the bowstring. Often called a Finger tab.

Takedown Bow - The most common name for a bow that comes apart at the handle to make the bow shorter and easier to travel with. Can be a 2- or 3-piece bow, recurve, longbow or selfbow.

Take-down bow - A bow which can be taken apart, the limbs can be detached from the riser, for ease of traveling, storage and limb replacement.

Taper Tool - A tool used to taper wooden shafts for the nock and point.

Tapered Arrow -- An arrow that tapers from 23/64" to 5/16"at the nock, usually starting approximately nine inches from the nock. A tapered arrow leaves the bow, especially a longbow, much quieter due to less chaffing of the arrow against the arrow plate.

Target - General term for the intended destination of a shot arrow.

Target archery - Shooting at non-moving targets placed varying distances.

Target captain - The person who decides who is to call the value of each arrow, record the scores and draw the arrows from the target.

Target face - The paper which is attached to the butt and indicates the scoring areas.

Target Panic - A mental condition causing a loss of control in shooting form. Symptoms can include; aim freezing, snap shooting, flinching and trigger punching.

Target point - Bullet-shaped practice head for targets. Also called a target tip.

Target shooting - Competitive event or practice that tests the archer's proficiency.

Thumb ring - Protective ring for an archer's thumb. Common in Asian archery.

Tiller - The difference between the upper limb and lower limbs measurements from the bowstring to the belly at the fadeout. Most bows are ordinarily tillered to allow a stiffer lower limb due to the drawing hand being placed above the center of the string.

Tip - The front end of an arrow; also known as the arrowhead or point.

Torque - The unintentional twisting of the bow in the hand during shooting, causing undesirable arrow flight.

Trigger - The mechanism in a crossbow to release the bowstring. To release the bowstring using a release aid.

Tune - The process of getting a bow to shoot an arrow straight and quiet, removing fishtailing and porpoising.

 

 

Underspine -- Said of an arrow that is too flexible for the bow it's fired from, as opposed to overspined, where the arrow is too stiff for the bow.

 

Vane- The stabilizing fin of an arrow. Usually referring to a plastic fletch.

V-bar- A short extender fitted between the riser and long stabilizer that allows two short stabilizers to be added as a counter balance to the long stabilizer. Helps resist twisting reactions from the bow hand.

 

Welsh longbow- A powerful medieval bow; also known as the English longbow.

Windage- The adjustment of the bow sight or the pin on the bow sight to allow for the wind deflecting the arrow.

 

Yabusame- A type of mounted archery practiced in Japan.

Yumi- An asymmetric Japanese bow; includes both long and short varieties (daikyu and hankyu).